Multimedia IPA chart
IPA symbols (International Phonetic Association).
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bilabials | labio-dentals | dentals | alveolars | postalveolars | retroflexes | palatals | velars | uvulars | pharyngeals | glottals | |
plosives/stops | p b | t̪ d̪ | t d | t̠ d̠ | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k g | q ɢ | ʔ ? | ||
nasals | m̥ m | ɱ̊ ɱ | n̥ n | ɳ̊ ɳ | ɲ̊ ɲ | ŋ̊ ŋ | ɴ̥ ɴ | ||||
trills | ʙ̥ ʙ | r̥ r | ʀ̥ ʀ | ||||||||
taps/flaps | ? ɾ | ? ɽ | |||||||||
affricates | p͡ɸ b͡β | p͡f b͡v | t̪͡θ d̪͡ð | t͡s d͡z | t̠͡ʃ d̠͡ʒ | ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ | c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ | k͡x g͡ɣ | q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ | ʔ͡h ? | |
fricatives | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ |
lateral fricatives | ɬ ɮ | ||||||||||
approximants | ? β̞ | ? ʋ | ? ð̞ | ? ɹ | ? ɹ̠ | ? ɻ | ? j | ? ɰ | ? ʁ̞ | ||
lateral approximants | l̥ l | ɭ̊ ɭ | λ̥ λ | ʟ̥ ʟ |
clicks | implosives | ejective stops | ejective fricatives | ||||
ʘ | bilabial | ɓ | bilabial | pʼ | bilabial | fʼ | labio-dental |
ǀ | dental | ɗ | dental | tʼ | alveolar | sʼ | alveolar |
ǃ | (post)alveolar | ʄ | palatal | cʼ | palatal | ʃʼ | postalveolar |
ǂ | palato-alveolar | ɠ | velar | kʼ | velar | xʼ | velar |
ǁ | lateral | ʛ | uvular | qʼ | uvular | χʼ | uvular |
ʍ | voiceless labio-velar fricative | w | voiced labio-velar approximant |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant | ʜ | voiceless epiglottal fricative |
ʢ | voiced epiglottal fricative | ʡ | epiglottal stop |
ɕ | voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | ʑ | voiced alveolo-palatal fricative |
ɺ | voiced alveolar lateral flap | ɧ | simultaneous ʃ and x |
̥ ̊ | unvoiced | ̤ | breathy voiced | ̪ | dental |
̬ | voiced | ̰ | creaky voiced | ̺ | apical |
ʰ | aspirated | ̼ | linguo-labial | ̻ | laminal |
̹ | more rounded | ʷ | labialisation | ̃ | nasalisation |
̜ | less rounded | ʲ | palatalisation | ⁿ | nasal release |
̟ | advanced | ˠ | velarisation | ˡ | lateral release |
̠ | retracted | ˤ | pharyngealisation | ̚ | unreleased |
̈ | centralised | ̴ | velarisation or pharyngealisation | ||
̽ | mid-centralised | ̝ | raised | ||
̩ | syllabic | ̞ | lowered | ||
̯ | non-syllabic | ̘ | advanced tongue root | ||
˞ | rhoticity | ̙ | retracted tongue root |